Languages

• Mindfck (⭐6) - High level language that transpiles to Brainfuck.

• Schoenberg - The MIDI Esoteric Programming Language.

• Unary Except Every Zero Is Replaced with the Title of This Programming Language or, Alternately, Is Replaced with the Smallest Counter-Example to the Goldbach Conjecture. Compilers and Interpreters Only Have to Implement the Former Option - Derivative of Unary in which every zero is replaced with the title of the programming language being discussed.

Languages

• CellTail (⭐8) - A 1d celular automata based language, supports a complex pattern matching syntax.

Languages

• ><> - A stack-based 2d language with support for reflection.

Languages

• Malbolge - Named after the 8th level of hell, is designed to be as difficult as possible to program.

Languages

• COW - Brainfuck variant using twelve variations of moos as instructions.

Languages

• Electra (⭐100) - Code like an electrician.

Others

• asmbf (⭐120) - The only true brainfuck assembler toolkit.

• MalbolgeLisp (⭐534) - A Lisp interpreter in Malbolge Unshackled.

Community

• Esolangs Discord Server - A Discord community about esoteric languages.

Languages

• False - Heavily obfuscated language with a minimal implementation.

• Haifu - Designed with the core values of Eastern philosophy in mind.

Languages

• Piet - Language in which programs look like abstract paintings using colors as code. Named after Piet Mondrian.

• RASEL (⭐6) - Fungeoid with no limits on program space, float precision, and with a bit of random access to stack.

Languages

• FlipJump (⭐134) - 1 instruction: Flip a bit, then Jump. The simplest OISC.

Languages

• FreakC (⭐130) - Full-blown programming language with NSFW contents and memes.

• JellyScript - Brainfuck-based with delicious jelly.

Languages

• Watson (⭐269) - Stack-based Turing-incomplete configuration files.

Languages

• C Flat (⭐30) - Musical language focused on sound rather than notation with creative freedom in mind.

Languages

• legit - Programs defined entirely by the graph of the git repository instead of its contents.

Languages

• Technologic - Language in which programs look like the lyrics to the Daft Punk song Technologic.

Languages

• Brackets (⭐7) - Language made of brackets, a lot of brackets.

Languages

• Tru (⭐5) - A stack-based language with prefix-free brackets.

Languages

• Dots (⭐7) - A turing-complete language using "." symbol only.

• Japt (⭐76) - Reduced JavaScript for golfing.

• Jelly (⭐905) - Golfing language based on J.

Languages

• Ni (⭐6) - Brainfuck-based with more helpful instructions.

Languages

• AlmostBinary (⭐9) - Code in binary and run on any platform.

Languages

• 1+ - A surprisingly user-friendly language with a highly-limited instruction set.

Languages

• Spooky - The scariest programming language 🎃 💀.

Others

• NoCode (⭐65k) - Secure and reliable applications. Write nothing; deploy nowhere.

• vapor.js (⭐1.4k) - The World's Smallest & Fastest JavaScript Library.

Languages

• INTERCAL - Parody language intended to be completely different from other languages.

Languages

• ajsone - Language defined completely in JSON.

• 文言 (Wenyan) - Closely follows the grammar and tone of classical Chinese literature.

Community

• Code Golf Stack Exchange - Golfing problems and answers.

Languages

• Folders (⭐386) - Code written with folders.

Languages

• ArnoldC - Based on the best one-liners of Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Others

• CSS-only-chat (⭐6.6k) - A truly monstrous async web chat using no JS whatsoever on the frontend.

Community

• Anarchy Golf - Informal golfing problems server.

Languages

• 78 (⭐6) - A single-character command language focused around the numbers 7 and 8.

Languages

• Golfscript - Stack oriented, aimed at solving problems in as few keystrokes as possible.

Languages

• Turtle (⭐5) - Uses long-term storage for memory use.

Others

• FizzBuzzEnterpriseEdition (⭐24k) - Simple FizzBuzz game implemented under the most strict enterprise standards.

• Petrovich - Operating System concept based on random actions and rewards/punishments.

Languages

• WordLang - A language based on meaning-like grammar that produces output.

Languages

• ZOMBIE - Inherently evil multithreaded language designed for Necromancers.

Languages

• Fugue - Music as source code.

• Monicelli (⭐1.4k) - Programming using Italian-like gibberish.

Algorithms

• πfs (⭐6.9k) - Pi-based storage system, store your data by searching a matching sequence in pi.

• Stacksort - Sorts a list by searching answers in Stack Overflow and executing code snippets until is sorted.

Resources

• Esolang List of ideas - Compilation of ideas for esoteric languages and related.

Articles

• On the Turing Completeness Of MS PowerPoint - Turing Machine on PowerPoint.

Languages

• Lazy K - Minimal, turing-complete pure functional language without extra features.

• Unlambda - Obfuscated functional programming.

Articles

• Six programming paradigms that will change how you think about coding - Post by Yevgeniy Brikman describing different programming paradigms that are not commonly applied.

• The Fun (and Madness) of Esoteric Programming Languages - Straightforward introduction to esoteric languages with examples.

Languages

• Orca - Livecoding environment to quickly create procedural audio sequencers.

Languages

• Vigil (⭐3k) - Only Vigil is truly vigilant about not allowing code that fails to pass programmatic specifications.

Resources

• Esoteric Codes - Articles and documents collection.

Languages

• Charcoal (⭐227) - Concise language for sketching ASCII art.

Languages

• Chicken - Only 1 valid symbol: 'chicken'.

• Thue (⭐33) - Matrioshka language based on nondeterministic string rewriting of a semi-Thue grammar.

Resources

• DM's Esoteric Programming Languages - List of esoteric languages and algorithms written by dangermouse.

Languages

• Enterprise™ (⭐1.6k) - Non deterministic unnecessarily statically typed language.

• Rockstar (⭐90) - Designed for creating computer programs that are also song lyrics.

Languages

• Omgrofl - Syntax resembling Internet slang.

Languages

• Emojicode - Full-blown programming language consisting of emojis.

Languages

• Fetlang (⭐1.5k) - Designed such that source code looks like poorly written fetish erotica.

Languages

• Z - Use only the letter z.

Resources

• Rosettacode - Provides examples in different languages, including esoteric languages.

Articles

• Let's Build a Basic Interpreter (Ruslan's Blog) - Series of articles explaining the basics of compilers and interpreters and how to build one.

Languages

• Befunge - Two-dimensional language.

• Brainfuck - Minimalist language using only 8 single-character commands.

• Chef - Programs that look like cooking recipes.

• JSFuck (⭐8.6k) - Esoteric programming style based on the atomic parts of JavaScript.

• reMorse - Morse-styled language.

• Shakespeare - Language where the code appear to be Shakespearean plays.

• Whitespace - Use only white-characters (space, tabs and newlines).

Resources

• Esolang - Wiki of esoteric programming languages and related Resources.

Community

• Freenode IRC Channel - The #esoteric IRC channel on freenode.

• Reddit Esolangs - Reddit community on esolangs.

Languages

• Suzy (⭐8) - 3D language inspired in Befunge.

Languages

• ChuckScript (⭐32) - Unary-based language, where the code is a single number.

• DNA# - Language based on the structure of the DNA.

• LolCode - Language with keywords based on the lolcat meme expressions.

• Ook! - Brainfuck-based language, where the commands are orangutan words.

• Unary - Brainfuck-based language where all the commands are 0.

• Velato - Language that uses MIDI files as source, programs are defined by the pitch and order of notes.

• Whenever - Language that does things whenever it wants.

Resources

• Wikipedia/Esoteric programming languages - Wikipedia list of esoteric languages.

Resources

• Esofiles (⭐107) - The Esoteric Files Archive, an archive of implementations of esoteric programming languages and examples.