X Desktop Environments / Other Desktop Environments

• Cinnamon - Strives to provide a traditional user experience.

• EDE - Small desktop environment built to be responsive, light in resource usage and to have a familiar look and feel.

X Windows Managers / Other Desktop Environments

• IceWM - Window manager with the goal of being fast, simple, and not getting in the user's way.

GUI-based Applications / Not based on any desktop environment

• GParted - The most popular disk partitioning software out there.

• Etcher - Flash OS images to SD cards and USB drives, safely and easily.

GUI-based Applications / Package management and creation tools

• dnfdragora (⭐101) (Fedora) - A GUI for the dnf package manager.

Console-based Applications and Tools / Package management and creation tools

• tig (⭐11k) - Text-mode interface for git. It functions mainly as a Git repository browser.

• vtop (⭐4k) - Easily-extendable activity monitor.

GUI-based Applications / Package management and creation tools

• Yay (⭐8.4k) (Arch) - Yay is one of the many wrappers to pacman which automatically downloads and installs packages from AUR, a full list can be found here.

X Windows Managers / Other Desktop Environments

• Blackbox (⭐41) - Lightweight window manager for the X window system, without library dependencies. Built using C++.

• Matchbox - Environment for X running on non-desktop embedded platforms such as handhelds, set-top boxes, kiosks and anything else for which screen space, input mechanisms or system resources are limited.

X Windows Managers / Other Desktop Environments

• 9wm - Window manager that attempts to emulate the Plan 9 window manager 8-1/2 as far as possible within the constraints imposed by X.

• dwm - Dynamic window manager for X. It manages windows in tiled, monocle and floating layouts. All of the layouts can be applied dynamically, optimising the environment for the application and task performed.

• Enlightenment - Window manager bundled with a whole suite of libraries to help you create beautiful user interfaces.

• Fluxbox - Window manager for X, lightweight and easy to handle but full of features to make an easy and fast desktop experience. Built using C++.

• FVWM - ICCCM-compliant multiple virtual desktop window manager for X. Extremely powerful.

• i3 - Tiling window manager. BSD-licensed. Primarily targeted at advanced users and developers.

• JWM - Lightweight window manager for X11. Good choice for older and/or less powerful systems, though perfectly capable of running on modern systems. Built using C.

• ratpoison - A simple window manager with no library dependencies, no graphics, and no decorations. Modeled after GNU Screen.

• Sawfish - Extensible window manager. Its aim is to manage windows in the most flexible and attractive manner possible. Built using Lisp-based scripting language.

• wmii - Small, scriptable window manager, with a 9P filesystem interface and an acme-like layout.

• xmonad - Dynamically tiling X11 window manager. Makes work easier by automating aligning and searching for windows. Built using Haskell.

Bash Learning Resources / Linux Alternatives to Windows Applications [Free]

• Bash Guide for Beginners

• Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Bash Learning Resources / Linux Alternatives to Windows Applications [Free]

• Beautiful Bash: Let's make reading and writing bash scripts fun again!

• Best Practices for Writing Bash Scripts

• Shell Style Guide

• Linux Fu: Better Bash Scripting

Console-based Applications and Tools / Package management and creation tools

• shellcheck (⭐30k) - Static analysis tool for shell scripts.

X Desktop Environments / Other Desktop Environments

• LXQt - Qt port and the upcoming version of LXDE, the Lightweight Desktop Environment. It is the product of the merge between the LXDE-Qt and the Razor-qt projects: A lightweight, modular, blazing-fast and user-friendly desktop environment.

• MATE - Provides an intuitive and attractive desktop to Linux users using traditional metaphors. Fork of GNOME 2.

• Pantheon - Pantheon is the default desktop environment originally created for the elementary OS distribution. The desktop has some similarities with GNOME Shell and macOS.

GUI-based Applications / GNOME-based

• Builder - IDE for GNOME that is focused on bringing the power of the GNOME platform to more developers.

• Gedit - Powerful general purpose text editor.

GUI-based Applications / Pantheon-based

• Spice-Up (⭐588) - Desktop presentation app.

Console-based Applications and Tools / Package management and creation tools

• git - Distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.

X Windows Managers / Other Desktop Environments

• awesome - Highly configurable window manager for X. Fast and extensible.

• bspwm (⭐6.5k) - Tiling window manager that represents windows as the leaves of a full binary tree.

• Mutter - Window manager for X. Default window manager in GNOME 3.

• Openbox - Highly configurable window manager with extensive standards support.

GUI-based Applications / Pantheon-based

• Go For It! - To-do list with built-in productivity timer.

• Vocal - Podcast client for the modern desktop.

GUI-based Applications / KDE-based

• Dolphin - File manager for KDE focusing on usability.

• Krita - Painting program.

GUI-based Applications / Not based on any desktop environment

• Atom - Hackable text editor for the 21st century.

• ghostwriter - Distraction-free Markdown editor.

• Kodi - Most popular entertainment center.

GUI-based Applications / Third-party clients for online services

• Corebird - Twitter client.

• GNOME Twitch - Twitch player.

• Caprine (⭐6.5k) - Facebook's Messenger client with some added privacy features.

• PB for Desktop (⭐479) - Pushbullet client.

• ramme (⭐3.3k) - Instagram client.

• Whatever (⭐353) - Evernote client based on the web version.

GUI-based Applications / Package management and creation tools

• Y PPA Manager (Ubuntu) - Manage PPAs and search for packages.

• pirut (Fedora) - Provides a set of graphical tools for managing software.

• Synaptics (Debian and .deb users) - Graphical package management program for apt.

• YaST (openSUSE) - Main package management tool on openSUSE.

Console-based Applications and Tools / Package management and creation tools

• speed-test (⭐3.8k) - Test your Internet connection speed and ping using speedtest.net.

• youtube-dl (⭐114k) - A tool to download videos from YouTube and other video sites.

GUI-based Applications / GNOME-based

• Evince - The most popular document viewer on the GNOME platform.

• Polari - IRC client built to be easy to use.

• To Do - Minimalistic personal task manager designed to fit right into your GNOME desktop.

GUI-based Applications / Pantheon-based

• FeedReader - RSS desktop client able to integrate with multiple online services.

• NaSC - Intelligent calculator app.

GUI-based Applications / Package management and creation tools

• Aura (⭐1.4k) (Arch) - Secure, multilingual package manager.

Console-based Applications and Tools / Package management and creation tools

• cmus - Small, fast and powerful console music player.

• fuck (⭐74k) - Command line tool which corrects your previously mistyped command.

• glances - Cross-platform system monitoring tool.

• htop - Nice looking, customizable task manager.

• nano - Simple to use text editor.

• photorec - Useful tool for restoring deleted files.

• ranger (⭐12k) - Vim-inspired file manager for the console.

• screenFetch (⭐3.5k) - Fetches system/theme information in terminal.

• testdisk - A tool for disk partition recovery.

• vim - Advanced text editor that seeks to provide the power of the de-facto Unix editor 'Vi', with a more complete feature set.

• wavemon (⭐701) - Monitoring application for wireless network devices.

GUI-based Applications / Package management and creation tools

• AppImageKit (⭐7.5k) - Using AppImageKit you can package applications in the AppImage format that runs on common Linux-based operating systems, such as RHEL, CentOS, Ubuntu, Fedora, debian and derivatives; one app = one file.

X Windows Managers / Other Desktop Environments

• Compiz - OpenGL compositing window manager. It has a plug-in system to be changed at runtime.

GUI-based Applications / Not based on any desktop environment

• Zathura - Highly customizable document viewer. It provides a minimalistic and space saving interface as well as an easy usage that mainly focuses on keyboard interaction.