Awesome Python Overview

Agent Skills
- django-ai-plugins (⭐29) - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review.
- sentry-skills (⭐454) - Python-focused engineering skills for code review, debugging, and backend workflows.
- trailofbits-skills (⭐3.8k) - Python-friendly security skills for auditing, testing, and safer backend development.
Orchestration
- autogen (⭐56k) - A programming framework for building agentic AI applications.
- crewai (⭐47k) - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving.
- dspy (⭐33k) - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models.
- langchain (⭐130k) - Building applications with LLMs through composability.
- pydantic-ai (⭐15k) - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas.
Data Layer
- instructor (⭐13k) - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic.
- llama-index (⭐48k) - A data framework for your LLM application.
- mem0 (⭐51k) - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions.
Pre-trained Models and Inference
- diffusers (⭐33k) - A library that provides pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video.
- transformers (⭐158k) - A framework that lets you easily use pre-trained transformer models for NLP, vision, and audio tasks.
- unsloth (⭐58k) - A library for faster LLM fine-tuning and training with reduced memory usage.
- vllm (⭐73k) - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs.

Deep Learning

Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see awesome-deep-learning (⭐28k).

jax (⭐35k) - a library for high-performance numerical computing with automatic differentiation and JIT compilation.
keras (⭐64k) - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends.
pytorch-lightning (⭐31k) - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast.
pytorch (⭐98k) - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.
stable-baselines3 (⭐13k) - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms.
tensorflow (⭐194k) - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google.

Machine Learning

Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see awesome-machine-learning (⭐72k).

catboost (⭐8.8k) - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library.
feature_engine (⭐2.2k) - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection.
h2o (⭐7.5k) - Open Source Fast Scalable Machine Learning Platform.
lightgbm (⭐18k) - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework.
mindsdb (⭐39k) - MindsDB is an open source AI layer for existing databases that allows you to effortlessly develop, train and deploy state-of-the-art machine learning models using standard queries.
pgmpy (⭐3.2k) - A Python library for probabilistic graphical models and Bayesian networks.
scikit-learn (⭐65k) - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support.
spark.ml (⭐43k) - Apache Spark's scalable Machine Learning library for distributed computing.
xgboost (⭐28k) - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library.

Natural Language Processing

Libraries for working with human languages.

General
- gensim (⭐16k) - Topic Modeling for Humans.
- nltk (⭐15k) - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.
- spacy (⭐33k) - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.
- stanza (⭐7.7k) - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages.
Chinese
- funnlp (⭐79k) - A collection of tools and datasets for Chinese NLP.

Computer Vision

Libraries for Computer Vision.

easyocr (⭐29k) - Ready-to-use OCR with 40+ languages supported.
kornia (⭐11k) - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch.
opencv (⭐5.2k) - Open Source Computer Vision Library.
pytesseract (⭐6.3k) - A wrapper for Google Tesseract OCR.

Recommender Systems

Libraries for building recommender systems.

annoy (⭐14k) - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage.
implicit (⭐3.8k) - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets.
scikit-surprise (⭐6.8k) - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems.

Web Development

Web Frameworks

Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see Web APIs.

Synchronous
- bottle (⭐8.8k) - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies.
- django (⭐87k) - The most popular web framework in Python.
  - awesome-django (⭐1.9k)
- flask (⭐71k) - A microframework for Python.
  - awesome-flask (⭐13k)
- pyramid (⭐4.1k) - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework.
  - awesome-pyramid (⭐570)
- fasthtml (⭐6.9k) - The fastest way to create an HTML app.
  - awesome-fasthtml (⭐79)
- masonite (⭐2.4k) - The modern and developer centric Python web framework.
Asynchronous
- litestar (⭐8.1k) - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework.
- microdot (⭐2.1k) - The impossibly small web framework for Python and MicroPython.
- reflex (⭐28k) – A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with python .
- robyn (⭐7.2k) - A high-performance async Python web framework with a Rust runtime.
- starlette (⭐12k) - A lightweight ASGI framework and toolkit for building high-performance async services.
- tornado (⭐22k) - A web framework and asynchronous networking library.

Web APIs

Libraries for building RESTful and GraphQL APIs.

Django
- django-ninja (⭐9k) - Fast, Django REST framework based on type hints and Pydantic.
- django-rest-framework (⭐30k) - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs.
- strawberry-django (⭐488) - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django.
Flask
- apiflask (⭐1.1k) - A lightweight Python web API framework based on Flask and Marshmallow.
Framework Agnostic
- connexion (⭐4.6k) - A spec-first framework that automatically handles requests based on your OpenAPI specification.
- falcon (⭐9.8k) - A high-performance framework for building cloud APIs and web app backends.
- fastapi (⭐96k) - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with standard Python type hints.
- sanic (⭐19k) - A Python 3.6+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast.
- strawberry (⭐4.6k) - A GraphQL library that leverages Python type annotations for schema definition.
- webargs (⭐1.4k) - A friendly library for parsing HTTP request arguments with built-in support for popular web frameworks.

Web Servers

ASGI and WSGI compatible web servers.

ASGI
- daphne (⭐2.7k) - A HTTP, HTTP2 and WebSocket protocol server for ASGI and ASGI-HTTP.
- granian (⭐5.2k) - A Rust HTTP server for Python applications built on top of Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI.
- hypercorn (⭐1.5k) - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn.
- uvicorn (⭐11k) - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation, using uvloop and httptools.
WSGI
- gunicorn (⭐10k) - Pre-forked, ported from Ruby's Unicorn project.
- uwsgi (⭐3.5k) - A project aims at developing a full stack for building hosting services, written in C.
- waitress (⭐1.6k) - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid.
RPC
- grpcio (⭐45k) - HTTP/2-based RPC framework with Python bindings, built by Google.
- rpyc (⭐1.7k) (Remote Python Call) - A transparent and symmetric RPC library for Python.

WebSocket

Libraries for working with WebSocket.

autobahn-python (⭐2.5k) - WebSocket & WAMP for Python on Twisted and asyncio.
channels (⭐6.3k) - Developer-friendly asynchrony for Django.
flask-socketio (⭐5.5k) - Socket.IO integration for Flask applications.
websockets (⭐5.6k) - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity.

Template Engines

Libraries and tools for templating and lexing.

jinja (⭐12k) - A modern and designer friendly templating language.
mako (⭐430) - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform.

Web Asset Management

Tools for managing, compressing and minifying website assets.

django-compressor (⭐2.9k) - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file.
django-storages (⭐2.9k) - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django.

Authentication

Libraries for implementing authentication schemes.

OAuth
- authlib (⭐5.2k) - JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption draft implementation.
- django-allauth (⭐10k) - Authentication app for Django that "just works."
- django-oauth-toolkit (⭐3.3k) - OAuth 2 goodies for Django.
- oauthlib (⭐3k) - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic.
JWT
- pyjwt (⭐5.6k) - JSON Web Token implementation in Python.
Permissions
- django-guardian (⭐3.9k) - Implementation of per object permissions for Django 1.2+
- django-rules (⭐2k) - A tiny but powerful app providing object-level permissions to Django, without requiring a database.

Admin Panels

Libraries for administrative interfaces.

ajenti (⭐7.9k) - The admin panel your servers deserve.
django-grappelli (⭐3.9k) - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface.
django-unfold (⭐3.4k) - Elevate your Django admin with a stunning modern interface, powerful features, and seamless user experience.
flask-admin (⭐6.1k) - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask.
flower (⭐7.1k) - Real-time monitor and web admin for Celery.
func-to-web (⭐386) - Instantly create web UIs from Python functions using type hints. Zero frontend code required.
jet-bridge (⭐1.8k) - Admin panel framework for any application with nice UI (ex Jet Django).

CMS

Content Management Systems.

django-cms (⭐11k) - The easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise CMS powered by Django.
indico (⭐2k) - A feature-rich event management system, made @ CERN.
wagtail (⭐20k) - A Django content management system.

Static Site Generators

Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output.

lektor (⭐3.9k) - An easy to use static CMS and blog engine.
nikola (⭐2.7k) - A static website and blog generator.
pelican (⭐13k) - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax.

HTTP & Scraping

HTTP Clients

Libraries for working with HTTP.

aiohttp (⭐16k) - Asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python.
furl (⭐2.8k) - A small Python library that makes parsing and manipulating URLs easy.
httpx (⭐15k) - A next generation HTTP client for Python.
requests (⭐54k) - HTTP Requests for Humans.
urllib3 (⭐4k) - A HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, sanity friendly.

Web Scraping

Libraries to automate web scraping and extract web content.

Frameworks
- browser-use (⭐81k) - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation.
- crawl4ai (⭐62k) - An open-source, LLM-friendly web crawler that provides lightning-fast, structured data extraction specifically designed for AI agents.
- mechanicalsoup (⭐4.9k) - A Python library for automating interaction with websites.
- scrapy (⭐61k) - A fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework.
Content Extraction
- feedparser (⭐2.3k) - Universal feed parser.
- html2text (⭐2.1k) - Convert HTML to Markdown-formatted text.
- micawber (⭐674) - A small library for extracting rich content from URLs.
- sumy (⭐3.7k) - A module for automatic summarization of text documents and HTML pages.
- trafilatura (⭐5.6k) - A tool for gathering text and metadata from the web, with built-in content filtering.

Email

Libraries for sending and parsing email, and mail server management.

modoboa (⭐3.5k) - A mail hosting and management platform including a modern Web UI.
yagmail (⭐2.7k) - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client.

Database & Storage

ORM

Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques.

Relational Databases
- django.db.models (⭐87k) - The Django ORM.
- sqlalchemy (⭐12k) - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.
  - awesome-sqlalchemy (⭐3k)
- dataset (⭐4.9k) - Store Python dicts in a database - works with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
- peewee (⭐12k) - A small, expressive ORM.
- pony (⭐3.8k) - ORM that provides a generator-oriented interface to SQL.
- sqlmodel (⭐18k) - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy.
- tortoise-orm (⭐5.5k) - An easy-to-use asyncio ORM inspired by Django, with relations support.
NoSQL Databases
- beanie (⭐2.7k) - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB.
- mongoengine (⭐4.3k) - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB.
- pynamodb (⭐2.6k) - A Pythonic interface for Amazon DynamoDB.

Database Drivers

Libraries for connecting and operating databases.

MySQL - awesome-mysql (⭐2.6k)
- mysqlclient (⭐2.5k) - MySQL connector with Python 3 support (mysql-python fork).
- pymysql (⭐7.8k) - A pure Python MySQL driver compatible to mysql-python.
PostgreSQL - awesome-postgres (⭐12k)
- psycopg (⭐2.3k) - The most popular PostgreSQL adapter for Python.
SQlite - awesome-sqlite (⭐388)
- sqlite-utils (⭐2k) - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases.
- sqlite3 - (Python standard library) SQlite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0.
Other Relational Databases
- clickhouse-driver (⭐1.3k) - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse.
- mssql-python (⭐403) - Official Microsoft driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL, built on ODBC for high performance and low memory usage.
NoSQL Databases
- cassandra-driver (⭐1.4k) - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra.
- django-mongodb-backend (⭐218) - Official MongoDB database backend for Django.
- pymongo (⭐4.3k) - The official Python client for MongoDB.
- redis-py (⭐14k) - The Python client for Redis.

Database

Databases implemented in Python.

chromadb (⭐27k) - An open-source embedding database for building AI applications with embeddings and semantic search.
duckdb (⭐37k) - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads.
pickledb (⭐1.1k) - A simple and lightweight key-value store for Python.
tinydb (⭐7.5k) - A tiny, document-oriented database.
ZODB (⭐750) - A native object database for Python. A key-value and object graph database.

Caching

Libraries for caching data.

cachetools (⭐2.7k) - Extensible memoizing collections and decorators.
django-cacheops (⭐2.3k) - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation.
dogpile.cache (⭐291) - dogpile.cache is a next generation replacement for Beaker made by the same authors.
python-diskcache (⭐2.8k) - SQLite and file backed cache backend with faster lookups than memcached and redis.

Search

Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data.

django-haystack (⭐3.8k) - Modular search for Django.
elasticsearch-py (⭐4.4k) - The official low-level Python client for Elasticsearch.
pysolr (⭐697) - A lightweight Python wrapper for Apache Solr.

Serialization

Libraries for serializing complex data types.

marshmallow (⭐7.2k) - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes.
msgpack (⭐2.1k) - MessagePack serializer implementation for Python.
orjson (⭐8k) - Fast, correct JSON library.

Data & Science

Data Analysis

Libraries for data analysis.

General
- aws-sdk-pandas (⭐4.1k) - Pandas on AWS.
- datasette (⭐11k) - An open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data.
- desbordante (⭐469) - An open source data profiler for complex pattern discovery.
- ibis (⭐6.5k) - A portable Python dataframe library with a single API for 20+ backends.
- modin (⭐10k) - A drop-in pandas replacement that scales workflows by changing a single line of code.
- pandas (⭐48k) - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools.
- pathway (⭐60k) - Real-time data processing framework for Python with reactive dataflows.
- polars (⭐38k) - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API.
Financial Data
- akshare (⭐18k) - A financial data interface library, built for human beings!
- edgartools (⭐1.8k) - Library for downloading structured data from SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements.
- openbb (⭐64k) - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents.
- yfinance (⭐22k) - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance.

Data Validation

Libraries for validating data. Used for forms in many cases.

cerberus (⭐3.3k) - A lightweight and extensible data validation library.
jsonschema (⭐4.9k) - An implementation of JSON Schema for Python.
pandera (⭐4.3k) - A data validation library for dataframes, with support for pandas, polars, and Spark.
pydantic (⭐27k) - Data validation using Python type hints.

Data Visualization

Libraries for visualizing data. Also see awesome-javascript (⭐35k).

Plotting
- altair (⭐10k) - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python.
- bokeh (⭐20k) - Interactive Web Plotting for Python.
- bqplot (⭐3.7k) - Interactive Plotting Library for the Jupyter Notebook.
- matplotlib (⭐23k) - A Python 2D plotting library.
- plotly (⭐18k) - Interactive graphing library for Python.
- plotnine (⭐4.5k) - A grammar of graphics for Python based on ggplot2.
- pygal (⭐2.8k) - A Python SVG Charts Creator.
- pyqtgraph (⭐4.3k) - Interactive and realtime 2D/3D/Image plotting and science/engineering widgets.
- seaborn (⭐14k) - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib.
- ultraplot (⭐278) - Matplotlib wrapper for publication-ready scientific figures with minimal code. Includes advanced subplot management, panel layouts, and batteries-included geoscience plotting.
- vispy (⭐3.6k) - High-performance scientific visualization based on OpenGL.
Specialized
- cartopy (⭐1.6k) - A cartographic python library with matplotlib support.
- pygraphviz (⭐834) - Python interface to Graphviz.
Dashboards and Apps
- gradio (⭐42k) - Build and share machine learning apps, all in Python.
- streamlit (⭐44k) - A framework which lets you build dashboards, generate reports, or create chat apps in minutes.

Geolocation

Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes.

django-countries (⭐1.5k) - A Django app that provides a country field for models and forms.
geodjango (⭐87k) - A world-class geographic web framework that is part of Django.
geojson (⭐984) - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON.
geopandas (⭐5.1k) - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas.
geopy (⭐4.8k) - Python Geocoding Toolbox.

Science

Libraries for scientific computing. Also see Python-for-Scientists (⭐356).

Core
- numba (⭐11k) - Python JIT compiler to LLVM aimed at scientific Python.
- numpy (⭐32k) - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
- scipy (⭐15k) - A Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering.
- statsmodels (⭐11k) - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.
- sympy (⭐14k) - A Python library for symbolic mathematics.
Biology and Chemistry
- biopython (⭐4.9k) - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation.
- cclib (⭐396) - A library for parsing and interpreting the results of computational chemistry packages.
- openbabel (⭐1.3k) - A chemical toolbox designed to speak the many languages of chemical data.
- rdkit (⭐3.3k) - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software.
Physics and Engineering
- astropy (⭐5.1k) - A community Python library for Astronomy.
- obspy (⭐1.3k) - A Python toolbox for seismology.
- pydy (⭐409) - Short for Python Dynamics, used to assist with workflow in the modeling of dynamic motion.
- PythonRobotics (⭐29k) - This is a compilation of various robotics algorithms with visualizations.
Simulation and Modeling
- pathsim (⭐334) - A block-based system modeling and simulation framework with a browser-based visual editor.
- pymc (⭐9.5k) - Probabilistic programming and Bayesian modeling in Python.
- simpy - A process-based discrete-event simulation framework.
Other
- colour (⭐2.5k) - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms.
- manim (⭐37k) - An animation engine for explanatory math videos.
- networkx (⭐17k) - A high-productivity software for complex networks.
- shapely (⭐4.4k) - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane.

Quantum Computing

Libraries for quantum computing.

Cirq (⭐4.9k) — A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices.
pennylane (⭐3.1k) — A hybrid quantum-classical machine learning library with automatic differentiation support.
qiskit (⭐7.1k) — An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware.
qutip (⭐2k) - Quantum Toolbox in Python.

Developer Tools

Algorithms and Design Patterns

Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see awesome-algorithms (⭐25k).

Algorithms
- algorithms (⭐25k) - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms.
- sortedcontainers (⭐3.9k) - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections.
- thealgorithms (⭐219k) - All Algorithms implemented in Python.
Design Patterns
- python-patterns (⭐43k) - A collection of design patterns in Python.
- transitions (⭐6.5k) - A lightweight, object-oriented finite state machine implementation.

Interactive Interpreter

Interactive Python interpreters (REPL).

jupyter (⭐13k) - A rich toolkit to help you make the most out of using Python interactively.
- awesome-jupyter (⭐4.6k)
marimo (⭐20k) - Transform data and train models, feels like a next-gen notebook, stored as Git-friendly Python.
ptpython (⭐5.4k) - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the python-prompt-toolkit (⭐10k).

Code Analysis

Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see awesome-static-analysis (⭐14k).

Code Analysis
- code2flow (⭐4.5k) - Turn your Python and JavaScript code into DOT flowcharts.
- prospector (⭐2.1k) - A tool to analyze Python code.
- vulture (⭐4.4k) - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code.
Code Linters
- bandit (⭐7.9k) - A tool designed to find common security issues in Python code.
- flake8 (⭐3.8k) - A wrapper around pycodestyle, pyflakes and McCabe.
  - awesome-flake8-extensions (⭐1.3k)
- pylint (⭐5.7k) - A fully customizable source code analyzer.
- ruff (⭐46k) - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter.
Code Formatters
- black (⭐41k) - The uncompromising Python code formatter.
- isort (⭐6.9k) - A Python utility / library to sort imports.
- ruff (⭐46k) - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter.
Refactoring
- rope (⭐2.2k) - Rope is a python refactoring library.
Type Checkers - awesome-python-typing (⭐2k)
- mypy (⭐20k) - Check variable types during compile time.
- pyre-check (⭐7.2k) - Performant type checking.
- ty (⭐18k) - An extremely fast Python type checker and language server.
- typeshed (⭐5k) - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types.
Type Annotations Generators
- monkeytype (⭐5k) - A system for Python that generates static type annotations by collecting runtime types.
- pytype (⭐5k) - Pytype checks and infers types for Python code - without requiring type annotations.

Testing

Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data.

Frameworks
- hypothesis (⭐8.5k) - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library.
- pytest (⭐14k) - A mature full-featured Python testing tool.
- robotframework (⭐11k) - A generic test automation framework.
- scanapi (⭐1.5k) - Automated Testing and Documentation for your REST API.
- unittest - (Python standard library) Unit testing framework.
Test Runners
- nox (⭐1.5k) - Flexible test automation for Python.
- tox (⭐3.9k) - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions
GUI / Web Testing
- locust (⭐28k) - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python.
- playwright-python (⭐14k) - Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library.
- pyautogui (⭐12k) - PyAutoGUI is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings.
- schemathesis (⭐3.1k) - A tool for automatic property-based testing of web applications built with Open API / Swagger specifications.
- selenium (⭐34k) - Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver.
Mock
- freezegun (⭐4.5k) - Travel through time by mocking the datetime module.
- mock - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.
- mocket (⭐309) - A socket mock framework with gevent/asyncio/SSL support.
- responses (⭐4.3k) - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.
- vcrpy (⭐3k) - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests.
Object Factories
- factory_boy (⭐3.8k) - A test fixtures replacement for Python.
- polyfactory (⭐1.4k) - mock data generation library with support to classes (continuation of pydantic-factories)
Code Coverage
- coverage (⭐3.3k) - Code coverage measurement.
Fake Data
- faker (⭐19k) - A Python package that generates fake data.
- mimesis (⭐4.8k) - is a Python library that help you generate fake data.

Debugging Tools

Libraries for debugging code.

pdb-like Debugger
- ipdb (⭐2k) - IPython-enabled pdb.
- pudb (⭐3.2k) - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger.
Tracing
- manhole (⭐400) - Debugging UNIX socket connections and present the stacktraces for all threads and an interactive prompt.
- python-hunter (⭐866) - A flexible code tracing toolkit.
Profiler
- py-spy (⭐15k) - A sampling profiler for Python programs. Written in Rust.
- scalene (⭐13k) - A high-performance, high-precision CPU, GPU, and memory profiler for Python.
Others
- django-debug-toolbar (⭐8.4k) - Display various debug information for Django.
- flask-debugtoolbar (⭐981) - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask.
- icecream (⭐10k) - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call.
- memory_graph (⭐771) - Visualize Python data at runtime to debug references, mutability, and aliasing.

Build Tools

Compile software from source code.

bitbake (⭐509) - A make-like build tool for embedded Linux.
invoke (⭐4.7k) - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks.
platformio (⭐8.9k) - A console tool to build code with different development platforms.
pybuilder (⭐2k) - A continuous build tool written in pure Python.
doit (⭐2k) - A task runner and build tool.
scons (⭐2.4k) - A software construction tool.

Documentation

Libraries for generating project documentation.

sphinx (⭐7.8k) - Python Documentation generator.
- awesome-sphinxdoc (⭐973)
diagrams (⭐42k) - Diagram as Code.
mkdocs (⭐22k) - Markdown friendly documentation generator.
pdoc (⭐2.5k) - Epydoc replacement to auto generate API documentation for Python libraries.

DevOps

DevOps Tools

Software and libraries for DevOps.

Cloud Providers
- awscli (⭐17k) - Universal Command Line Interface for Amazon Web Services.
- boto3 (⭐9.7k) - Python interface to Amazon Web Services.
Configuration Management
- ansible (⭐68k) - A radically simple IT automation platform.
- cloudinit (⭐3.6k) - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.
- openstack (⭐5.9k) - Open source software for building private and public clouds.
- pyinfra (⭐4.9k) - A versatile CLI tools and python libraries to automate infrastructure.
- saltstack (⭐15k) - Infrastructure automation and management system.
Deployment
- chalice (⭐11k) - A Python serverless microframework for AWS.
- fabric (⭐15k) - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment.
Monitoring and Processes
- psutil (⭐11k) - A cross-platform process and system utilities module.
- sentry-python (⭐2.2k) - Sentry SDK for Python.
- sh (⭐7.2k) - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python.
- supervisor (⭐9k) - Supervisor process control system for UNIX.
Other
- borg (⭐13k) - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption.
- chaostoolkit (⭐2k) - A Chaos Engineering toolkit & Orchestration for Developers.
- pre-commit (⭐15k) - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

Distributed Computing

Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing.

Batch Processing
- dask (⭐14k) - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing.
- luigi (⭐19k) - A module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs.
- mpi4py (⭐902) - Python bindings for MPI.
- pyspark (⭐43k) - Apache Spark Python API.
- joblib (⭐4.3k) - A set of tools to provide lightweight pipelining in Python.
- ray (⭐42k) - A system for parallel and distributed Python that unifies the machine learning ecosystem.

Task Queues

Libraries for working with task queues.

celery (⭐28k) - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing.
dramatiq (⭐5.2k) - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3.
huey (⭐5.9k) - Little multi-threaded task queue.
rq (⭐11k) - Simple job queues for Python.

Job Schedulers

Libraries for scheduling jobs.

airflow (⭐45k) - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows.
apscheduler (⭐7.4k) - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions.
dagster (⭐15k) - An orchestration platform for the development, production, and observation of data assets.
prefect (⭐22k) - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines.
schedule (⭐12k) - Python job scheduling for humans.
SpiffWorkflow (⭐1.9k) - A powerful workflow engine implemented in pure Python.

Logging

Libraries for generating and working with logs.

logfmter (⭐102) - A standard library compatible logfmt formatter.
logging - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.
loguru (⭐24k) - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python.
structlog (⭐4.7k) - Structured logging made easy.

Network Virtualization

Tools and libraries for Virtual Networking and SDN (Software Defined Networking).

mininet (⭐5.8k) - A popular network emulator and API written in Python.
napalm (⭐2.4k) - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices.
scapy (⭐12k) - A brilliant packet manipulation library.

CLI & GUI

CLI Development

Libraries for building command-line applications.

CLI Development
- argparse - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing.
- cement (⭐1.3k) - CLI Application Framework for Python.
- click (⭐17k) - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way.
- python-fire (⭐28k) - A library for creating command line interfaces from absolutely any Python object.
- python-prompt-toolkit (⭐10k) - A library for building powerful interactive command lines.
- typer (⭐19k) - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click and Pydantic.
Terminal Rendering
- alive-progress (⭐6.3k) - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations.
- asciimatics (⭐4.3k) - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations).
- colorama (⭐3.8k) - Cross-platform colored terminal text.
- rich (⭐56k) - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a great RichHandler log handler.
- textual (⭐35k) - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser.
- tqdm (⭐31k) - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI.

CLI Tools

Useful CLI-based tools for productivity.

Productivity Tools
- cookiecutter (⭐25k) - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates).
- copier (⭐3.2k) - A library and command-line utility for rendering projects templates.
- doitlive (⭐3.6k) - A tool for live presentations in the terminal.
- thefuck (⭐96k) - Correcting your previous console command.
- tmuxp (⭐4.5k) - A tmux (⭐44k) session manager.
- xonsh (⭐9.2k) - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform.
- yt-dlp (⭐153k) - A command-line program to download videos from YouTube and other video sites, a fork of youtube-dl.
CLI Enhancements
- httpie (⭐38k) - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement.
- iredis (⭐2.7k) - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
- litecli (⭐3.2k) - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
- mycli (⭐12k) - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
- pgcli (⭐13k) - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.

GUI Development

Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications.

Desktop
- customtkinter (⭐13k) - A modern and customizable python UI-library based on Tkinter.
- dearpygui (⭐15k) - A Simple GPU accelerated Python GUI framework
- enaml (⭐1.6k) - Creating beautiful user-interfaces with Declarative Syntax like QML.
- kivy (⭐19k) - A library for creating NUI applications, running on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS.
- pyglet (⭐2.2k) - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python.
- pygobject (⭐156) - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK+ (GTK+3).
- PyQt - Python bindings for the Qt cross-platform application and UI framework.
- pyside (⭐119) - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for Qt, this is same as PyQt but it's the official binding with different licensing.
- tkinter - (Python standard library) The standard Python interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit.
- toga (⭐5.3k) - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit.
- wxPython (⭐2.6k) - A blending of the wxWidgets C++ class library with the Python.
Web-based
- flet (⭐16k) - Cross-platform GUI framework for building modern apps in pure Python.
- nicegui (⭐16k) - An easy-to-use, Python-based UI framework, which shows up in your web browser.
- pywebview (⭐5.8k) - A lightweight cross-platform native wrapper around a webview component.
Terminal
- curses - Built-in wrapper for ncurses used to create terminal GUI applications.
- urwid (⭐3k) - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc.
Wrappers
- gooey (⭐22k) - Turn command line programs into a full GUI application with one line.

Text & Documents

Text Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts.

General
- babel (⭐1.4k) - An internationalization library for Python.
- chardet (⭐2.5k) - Python 2/3 compatible character encoding detector.
- difflib - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.
- ftfy (⭐4k) - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically.
- pangu.py (⭐276) - Paranoid text spacing.
- pyfiglet (⭐1.5k) - An implementation of figlet written in Python.
- pypinyin (⭐5.3k) - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音).
- python-slugify (⭐1.6k) - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII.
- textdistance (⭐3.5k) - Compute distance between sequences with 30+ algorithms.
- unidecode (⭐602) - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text.
Unique identifiers
- sqids (⭐496) - A library for generating short unique IDs from numbers.
- shortuuid (⭐2.2k) - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs.
Parser
- pygments (⭐2.1k) - A generic syntax highlighter.
- pyparsing (⭐2.5k) - A general purpose framework for generating parsers.
- python-nameparser (⭐702) - Parsing human names into their individual components.
- python-phonenumbers (⭐3.7k) - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.
- python-user-agents (⭐1.5k) - Browser user agent parser.
- sqlparse (⭐4k) - A non-validating SQL parser.

HTML Manipulation

Libraries for working with HTML and XML.

beautifulsoup - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.
justhtml (⭐1.1k) - A pure Python HTML5 parser that just works.
lxml (⭐3k) - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML.
markupsafe (⭐685) - Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python.
pyquery (⭐2.4k) - A jQuery-like library for parsing HTML.
tinycss2 (⭐184) - A low-level CSS parser and generator written in Python.
xmltodict (⭐5.7k) - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON.

File Format Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific text formats.

General
- docling (⭐56k) - Library for converting documents into structured data.
- kreuzberg (⭐7.1k) - High-performance document extraction library with a Rust core, supporting 62+ formats including PDF, Office, images with OCR, HTML, email, and archives.
- pyelftools (⭐2.2k) - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information.
- tablib (⭐4.8k) - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML.
MS Office
- docxtpl (⭐2.6k) - Editing a docx document by jinja2 template
- openpyxl - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
- pyexcel (⭐1.3k) - Providing one API for reading, manipulating and writing csv, ods, xls, xlsx and xlsm files.
- python-docx (⭐5.5k) - Reads, queries and modifies Microsoft Word 2007/2008 docx files.
- python-pptx (⭐3.2k) - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files.
- xlsxwriter (⭐3.9k) - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files.
- xlwings (⭐3.3k) - A BSD-licensed library that makes it easy to call Python from Excel and vice versa.
PDF
- pdf_oxide (⭐421) - A fast PDF library for text extraction, image extraction, and markdown conversion, powered by Rust.
- pdfminer.six (⭐6.9k) - Pdfminer.six is a community maintained fork of the original PDFMiner.
- pikepdf (⭐2.7k) - A powerful library for reading and editing PDF files, based on qpdf.
- pypdf (⭐9.9k) - A library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF pages.
- reportlab - Allowing Rapid creation of rich PDF documents.
- weasyprint (⭐8.7k) - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF.
Markdown
- markdown-it-py (⭐1.3k) - Markdown parser with 100% CommonMark support, extensions, and syntax plugins.
- markdown (⭐4.2k) - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown.
- markitdown (⭐93k) - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown.
- mistune (⭐3k) - Fastest and full featured pure Python parsers of Markdown.
Data Formats
- csvkit (⭐6.4k) - Utilities for converting to and working with CSV.
- pyyaml (⭐2.9k) - YAML implementations for Python.
- tomllib - (Python standard library) Parse TOML files.

File Manipulation

Libraries for file manipulation.

mimetypes - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.
pathlib - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library.
python-magic (⭐2.9k) - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library.
watchdog (⭐7.3k) - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events.
watchfiles (⭐2.4k) - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in python.

Media

Image Processing

Libraries for manipulating images.

pillow (⭐13k) - Pillow is the friendly PIL fork.
pymatting (⭐1.9k) - A library for alpha matting.
python-barcode (⭐649) - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies.
python-qrcode (⭐4.9k) - A pure Python QR Code generator.
pyvips (⭐788) - A fast image processing library with low memory needs.
scikit-image (⭐6.5k) - A Python library for (scientific) image processing.
thumbor (⭐10k) - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images.
wand (⭐1.5k) - Python bindings for MagickWand, C API for ImageMagick.

Audio & Video Processing

Libraries for manipulating audio, video, and their metadata.

Audio
- gtts (⭐2.6k) - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS.
- librosa (⭐8.3k) - Python library for audio and music analysis.
- matchering (⭐2.4k) - A library for automated reference audio mastering.
- pydub (⭐9.7k) - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface.
Video
- moviepy (⭐14k) - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs.
- vidgear (⭐3.7k) - Most Powerful multi-threaded Video Processing framework.
Metadata
- beets (⭐15k) - A music library manager and MusicBrainz tagger.
- mutagen (⭐1.9k) - A Python module to handle audio metadata.
- tinytag (⭐805) - A library for reading music meta data of MP3, OGG, FLAC and Wave files.

Game Development

Awesome game development libraries.

arcade (⭐2k) - Arcade is a modern Python framework for crafting games with compelling graphics and sound.
panda3d (⭐5.1k) - 3D game engine developed by Disney.
py-sdl2 (⭐338) - A ctypes based wrapper for the SDL2 library.
pygame (⭐8.7k) - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games.
pyopengl (⭐399) - Python ctypes bindings for OpenGL and it's related APIs.
renpy (⭐6.3k) - A Visual Novel engine.

Python Language

Implementations

Implementations of Python.

cpython (⭐72k) - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C.
cython (⭐11k) - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python.
ironpython (⭐2.7k) - Implementation of the Python programming language written in C#.
micropython (⭐22k) - A lean and efficient Python programming language implementation.
pyodide (⭐14k) - Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly.
pypy (⭐1.7k) - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language.

Built-in Classes Enhancement

Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes.

attrs (⭐5.7k) - Replacement for __init__, __eq__, __repr__, etc. boilerplate in class definitions.
bidict (⭐1.6k) - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality.
box (⭐2.8k) - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access.

Functional Programming

Functional Programming with Python.

coconut (⭐4.3k) - A variant of Python built for simple, elegant, Pythonic functional programming.
functools - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
funcy (⭐3.5k) - A fancy and practical functional tools.
more-itertools (⭐4k) - More routines for operating on iterables, beyond itertools.
returns (⭐4.2k) - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities.
toolz (⭐5.1k) - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries. Also available as cytoolz (⭐1.1k) for Cython-accelerated performance.

Asynchronous Programming

Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see awesome-asyncio (⭐5k).

anyio (⭐2.4k) - A high-level async concurrency and networking framework that works on top of asyncio or trio.
asyncio - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.
- awesome-asyncio (⭐5k)
concurrent.futures - (Python standard library) A high-level interface for asynchronously executing callables.
gevent (⭐6.4k) - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses greenlet (⭐1.8k).
multiprocessing - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism.
trio (⭐7.2k) - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O.
twisted (⭐6k) - An event-driven networking engine.
uvloop (⭐12k) - Ultra fast asyncio event loop.

Date and Time

Libraries for working with dates and times.

dateparser (⭐2.8k) - A Python parser for human-readable dates in dozens of languages.
dateutil (⭐2.6k) - Extensions to the standard Python datetime module.
pendulum (⭐6.6k) - Python datetimes made easy.
zoneinfo - (Python standard library) IANA time zone support. Brings the tz database into Python.

Python Toolchain

Environment Management

Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management.

pyenv (⭐44k) - Simple Python version management.
pyenv-win (⭐7.1k) - Pyenv for Windows.
uv (⭐81k) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.
virtualenv (⭐5k) - A tool to create isolated Python environments.

Package Management

Libraries for package and dependency management.

conda (⭐7.3k) - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager.
pip (⭐10k) - The package installer for Python.
pipx (⭐13k) - Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments. Like npx in Node.js.
poetry (⭐34k) - Python dependency management and packaging made easy.
uv (⭐81k) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.

Package Repositories

Local PyPI repository server and proxies.

bandersnatch (⭐527) - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA).
devpi (⭐1.1k) - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool.
warehouse (⭐4k) - Next generation Python Package Repository (PyPI).

Distribution

Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution.

cx-Freeze (⭐1.5k) - It is a Python tool that converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Nuitka (⭐15k) - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform, supports all Python versions).
pyarmor (⭐5k) - A tool used to obfuscate python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts.
pyinstaller (⭐13k) - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform).
shiv (⭐1.9k) - A command line utility for building fully self-contained zipapps (PEP 441), but with all their dependencies included.

Configuration Files

Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options.

configparser - (Python standard library) INI file parser.
dynaconf (⭐4.3k) - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django, Flask and FastAPI.
hydra (⭐10k) - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications.
python-decouple (⭐3k) - Strict separation of settings from code.
python-dotenv (⭐8.7k) - Reads key-value pairs from a .env file and sets them as environment variables.

Security

Cryptography

cryptography (⭐7.5k) - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.
paramiko (⭐9.7k) - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library.
pynacl (⭐1.2k) - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library.

Penetration Testing

Frameworks and tools for penetration testing.

mitmproxy (⭐43k) - An interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers.
setoolkit (⭐15k) - A toolkit for social engineering.
sherlock (⭐74k) - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks.
sqlmap (⭐37k) - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool.

Miscellaneous

Hardware

Libraries for programming with hardware.

bleak (⭐2.4k) - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio.
pynput (⭐2.1k) - A library to control and monitor input devices.

Microsoft Windows

Python programming on Microsoft Windows.

pythonnet (⭐5.4k) - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).
pywin32 (⭐5.5k) - Python Extensions for Windows.
winpython (⭐2.2k) - Portable development environment for Windows 10/11.

Miscellaneous

Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above.

blinker (⭐2k) - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system.
boltons (⭐6.9k) - A set of pure-Python utilities.
itsdangerous (⭐3.1k) - Various helpers to pass trusted data to untrusted environments.
tryton (⭐171) - A general-purpose business framework.

Resources

Where to discover learning resources or new Python libraries.

Newsletters

Podcasts

Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines (⭐289k) first.

If you have any question about this opinionated list, do not hesitate to contact @vinta on X (Twitter).