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Most commonly used git tips and tricks.

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May 03, 2023

Undo local changes with the content in index(staging)

git checkout -- <file_name>

May 04, 2021

Create local tag

git tag <tag-name>

Show the contents of any stash in patch form

git stash show -p <stash@{n}>

Push the current branch to the same name on the remote repository

git push origin HEAD

Mar 18, 2021

Delete local branches that has been squash and merged in the remote.

git branch -vv | grep ': gone]' | awk '{print <!-- @doxie.inject start -->}' | xargs git branch -D

Jul 16, 2020

Create and switch new branch

git checkout -b <branch-name>

Alternatives:

git branch <branch-name> && git checkout <branch-name>

git switch -c <branch-name>

Apr 18, 2019

Show changes over time for specific file

git log -p <file_name>

Reset: preserve uncommitted local changes

git reset --keep <commit>

Delete remote branch

git push origin --delete <remote_branchname>

Alternatives:

git push origin :<remote_branchname>

git branch -dr <remote/branch>

List all currently configured remotes

git remote -v

Update a submodule to the latest commit

cd <path-to-submodule>
git pull origin <branch>
cd <root-of-your-main-project>
git add <path-to-submodule>
git commit -m "submodule updated"

Oct 05, 2018

Visualize the tree including commits that are only referenced from reflogs

git log --graph --decorate --oneline $(git rev-list --walk-reflogs --all)

Jul 25, 2018

Use SSH instead of HTTPs for remotes

git config --global url.'[email protected]:'.insteadOf 'https://github.com/'

Mar 21, 2018

Change a branch base

git rebase --onto <new_base> <old_base>

Mar 08, 2018

Visualize the version tree.

git log --pretty=oneline --graph --decorate --all

Alternatives:

gitk --all

git log --graph --pretty=format:'%C(auto) %h | %s | %an | %ar%d'

Oct 30, 2017

Remove sensitive data from history, after a push

git filter-branch --force --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch <path-to-your-file>' --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all && git push origin --force --all

Aug 08, 2017

Push a new local branch to remote repository and track

git push -u origin <branch_name>

Apr 06, 2017

Checkout a commit prior to a day ago

git checkout master@{yesterday}

Mar 23, 2017

Search change by content

git log -S'<a term in the source>'

Feb 24, 2017

Saving current state of unstaged changes to tracked files

git stash -k

Alternatives:

git stash --keep-index

git stash push --keep-index

Saving current state of all files (ignored, untracked, and tracked)

git stash -a

Alternatives:

git stash --all

git stash push --all

Feb 23, 2017

Show git status short

git status --short --branch

Feb 22, 2017

List all git aliases

git config -l | grep alias | sed 's/^alias\.//g'

Alternatives:

git config -l | grep alias | cut -d '.' -f 2

Feb 21, 2017

Saving current state with message

git stash push -m <message>

Alternatives:

git stash push --message <message>

List n last commits

git log -<n>

Alternatives:

git log -n <n>

Feb 16, 2017

Quickly switch to the previous branch

git checkout -

Alternatives:

git checkout @{-1}

Jan 30, 2017

Backup untracked files.

git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard | xargs zip untracked.zip

Jan 27, 2017

Generates a summary of pending changes

git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus

List references in a remote repository

git ls-remote git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git

Jan 16, 2017

logs between date range

git log --since='FEB 1 2017' --until='FEB 14 2017'

Exclude author from logs

git log --perl-regexp --author='^((?!excluded-author-regex).*)

Jan 08, 2017

Get the repo name.

git rev-parse --show-toplevel

Dec 25, 2016

Preformatted patch file.

git format-patch -M upstream..topic

Dec 12, 2016

Show a Git logical variable.

git var -l | <variable>

Oct 31, 2016

Edit [local/global] git config

git config [--global] --edit

blame on certain range

git blame -L <start>,<end>

Oct 24, 2016

Add everything, but whitespace changes

git diff --ignore-all-space | git apply --cached

Oct 11, 2016

List unpushed git commits

git log --branches --not --remotes

Alternatives:

git log @{u}..

git cherry -v

Oct 05, 2016

Always rebase instead of merge on pull.

git config --global pull.rebase true

Alternatives:

#git < 1.7.9
git config --global branch.autosetuprebase always

Oct 03, 2016

Specific fetch reference

git fetch origin master:refs/remotes/origin/mymaster

Sep 28, 2016

Apply commit from another repository

git --git-dir=<source-dir>/.git format-patch -k -1 --stdout <SHA1> | git am -3 -k

Find common ancestor of two branches

git merge-base <branch-name> <other-branch-name>

Sep 24, 2016

Add object notes

git notes add -m 'Note on the previous commit....'

Show all the git-notes

git log --show-notes='*'

Aug 26, 2016

Alias: git undo

git config --global alias.undo '!f() { git reset --hard $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)@{${1-1}}; }; f'

Aug 15, 2016

Revert: Reverting an entire merge

git revert -m 1 <commit-ish>

Aug 14, 2016

Number of commits in a branch

git rev-list --count <branch-name>

Aug 12, 2016

Show how many lines does an author contribute

git log --author='_Your_Name_Here_' --pretty=tformat: --numstat | gawk '{ add += <!-- @doxie.inject start -->; subs += <!-- @doxie.inject end -->; loc += <!-- @doxie.inject start --> - <!-- @doxie.inject end --> } END { printf "added lines: %s removed lines: %s total lines: %s
", add, subs, loc }' -

Alternatives:

git log --author='_Your_Name_Here_' --pretty=tformat: --numstat | awk '{ add += <!-- @doxie.inject start -->; subs += <!-- @doxie.inject end -->; loc += <!-- @doxie.inject start --> - <!-- @doxie.inject end --> } END { printf "added lines: %s, removed lines: %s, total lines: %s
", add, subs, loc }' - # on Mac OSX

Aug 10, 2016

Forced push but still ensure you don't overwrite other's work

git push --force-with-lease <remote-name> <branch-name>

Jul 16, 2016

Group commits by authors and title

git shortlog

Jul 07, 2016

Show changes using common diff tools.

git difftool [-t <tool>] <commit1> <commit2> <path>

Jul 03, 2016

Show the author, time and last revision made to each line of a given file

git blame <file-name>

Jun 30, 2016

Retrieve the commit hash of the initial revision.

 git rev-list --reverse HEAD | head -1

Alternatives:

git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD

git log --pretty=oneline | tail -1 | cut -c 1-40

git log --pretty=oneline --reverse | head -1 | cut -c 1-40

Jun 25, 2016

Force push to Remote Repository

git push -f <remote-name> <branch-name>

Adding Remote name

git remote add <remote-nickname> <remote-url>

Jun 23, 2016

Unstaging Staged file

git reset HEAD <file-name>

Jun 22, 2016

Interactive staging.

git add -i

Jun 19, 2016

Update all the submodules

git submodule foreach git pull

Alternatives:

git submodule update --init --recursive

git submodule update --remote

Get first commit in a branch (from master)

git log --oneline master..<branch-name> | tail -1

Alternatives:

git log --reverse master..<branch-name> | head -6

Jun 18, 2016

Search Commit log across all branches for given text

git log --all --grep='<given-text>'

Jun 17, 2016

Delete local tag

git tag -d <tag-name>

Delete remote tag

git push origin :refs/tags/<tag-name>

Clone a shallow copy of a repository

git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git --depth 1

Jun 16, 2016

Add custom editors.

git config --global core.editor '$EDITOR'

Show all local branches ordered by recent commits

git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate --format='%(refname:short)' refs/heads/

Find lines matching the pattern (regex or string) in tracked files

git grep --heading --line-number 'foo bar'

Jun 13, 2016

Changes staged for commit

git diff --cached

Alternatives:

git diff --staged

Remove branches that have already been merged with master

git branch --merged master | grep -v '^\*' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d

Alternatives:

git branch --merged master | grep -v '^\*\|  master' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d # will not delete master if master is not checked out

See commit history for just the current branch

git cherry -v master

Turn off git colored terminal output

git config --global color.ui false

Specific color settings

git config --global <specific command e.g branch, diff> <true, false or always>

Jun 11, 2016

Ignore file mode changes on commits

git config core.fileMode false

Jun 10, 2016

Clone a single branch

git clone -b <branch-name> --single-branch https://github.com/user/repo.git

Jun 08, 2016

Bypass pre-commit and commit-msg githooks

git commit --no-verify

List commits and changes to a specific file (even through renaming)

git log --follow -p -- <file_path>

Jun 07, 2016

List all branch is WIP

git checkout master && git branch --no-merged

Find guilty with binary search

git bisect start                    # Search start 
git bisect bad                      # Set point to bad commit 
git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2         # Set point to good commit|tag 
git bisect bad                      # Say current state is bad 
git bisect good                     # Say current state is good 
git bisect reset                    # Finish search 

May 18, 2016

Change previous two commits with an interactive rebase.

git rebase --interactive HEAD~2

May 11, 2016

List only the root and merge commits.

git log --first-parent

Apr 29, 2016

Extract file from another branch.

git show <branch_name>:<file_name>

Apr 10, 2016

Checkout a new branch without any history

git checkout --orphan <branch_name>

Apr 06, 2016

View the GPG signatures in the commit log

git log --show-signature

Remove entry in the global config.

git config --global --unset <entry-name>

Apr 02, 2016

Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.

git instaweb [--local] [--httpd=<httpd>] [--port=<port>] [--browser=<browser>]

Mar 29, 2016

Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.

git count-objects --human-readable

Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.

git gc --prune=now --aggressive

Mar 11, 2016

Open all conflicted files in an editor.

git diff --name-only | uniq | xargs $EDITOR

Mar 09, 2016

Reuse recorded resolution, record and reuse previous conflicts resolutions.

git config --global rerere.enabled 1

Mar 06, 2016

Commits in Branch1 that are not in Branch2

git log Branch1 ^Branch2

Mar 02, 2016

List ignored files.

git check-ignore *

Status of ignored files.

git status --ignored

Feb 26, 2016

Skip staging area during commit.

git commit --only <file_path>

Feb 22, 2016

Marks your commit as a fix of a previous commit.

git commit --fixup <SHA-1>

Squash fixup commits normal commits.

git rebase -i --autosquash

Feb 12, 2016

Grab a single file from a stash

git checkout <stash@{n}> -- <file_path>

Alternatives:

git checkout stash@{0} -- <file_path>

Untrack files without deleting

git rm --cached <file_path>

Alternatives:

git rm --cached -r <directory_path>

Restore file to a specific commit-hash

git checkout <commit-ish> -- <file_path>

Feb 10, 2016

Dry run. (any command that supports dry-run flag should do.)

git clean -fd --dry-run

Feb 02, 2016

Check if the change was a part of a release.

git name-rev --name-only <SHA-1>

Jan 31, 2016

Make git case sensitive.

git config --global core.ignorecase false

Auto correct typos.

git config --global help.autocorrect 1

Jan 29, 2016

List all the alias and configs.

git config --list

Jan 17, 2016

Amend author.

git commit --amend --author='Author Name <[email protected]>'

Reset author, after author has been changed in the global config.

git commit --amend --reset-author --no-edit

Dec 27, 2015

Restore deleted file.

git checkout <deleting_commit> -- <file_path>

Dec 25, 2015

Clean the files from .gitignore.

git clean -X -f

Dec 19, 2015

Don’t consider changes for tracked file.

git update-index --assume-unchanged <file_name>

Undo assume-unchanged.

git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file_name>

Dec 18, 2015

Show inline word diff.

git diff --word-diff

Nov 18, 2015

Show helpful guides that come with Git

git help -g

Nov 03, 2015

Show the most recent tag on the current branch.

git describe --tags --abbrev=0

Oct 28, 2015

Everyday Git in twenty commands or so

git help everyday

Stash changes before rebasing

git rebase --autostash

Fetch pull request by ID to a local branch

git fetch origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>

Alternatives:

git pull origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>

Sep 29, 2015

Ignore one file on commit (e.g. Changelog).

git update-index --assume-unchanged Changelog; git commit -a; git update-index --no-assume-unchanged Changelog

Sep 19, 2015

Get the name of current branch.

git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD

Sep 13, 2015

Export a branch with history to a file.

git bundle create <file> <branch-name>

Import from a bundle

git clone repo.bundle <repo-dir> -b <branch-name>

Sep 02, 2015

Deploying git tracked subfolder to gh-pages

git subtree push --prefix subfolder_name origin gh-pages

Adding a project to repo using subtree

git subtree add --prefix=<directory_name>/<project_name> --squash [email protected]:<username>/<project_name>.git master

Get latest changes in your repo for a linked project using subtree

git subtree pull --prefix=<directory_name>/<project_name> --squash [email protected]:<username>/<project_name>.git master

Aug 25, 2015

Prunes references to remove branches that have been deleted in the remote.

git fetch -p

Alternatives:

git remote prune origin

Aug 22, 2015

Archive the master branch

git archive master --format=zip --output=master.zip

Modify previous commit without modifying the commit message

git add --all && git commit --amend --no-edit

Aug 21, 2015

Rebases 'feature' to 'master' and merges it in to master

git rebase master feature && git checkout master && git merge -

Aug 19, 2015

Rename a branch

git branch -m <new-branch-name>

Alternatives:

git branch -m [<old-branch-name>] <new-branch-name>

Aug 16, 2015

Show all commits in the current branch yet to be merged to master

git cherry -v master

Alternatives:

git cherry -v master <branch-to-be-merged>

Aug 11, 2015

Before deleting untracked files/directory, do a dry run to get the list of these files/directories

git clean -n

Forcefully remove untracked files

git clean -f

Forcefully remove untracked directory

git clean -f -d

Aug 07, 2015

Saving current state of tracked files without commiting

git stash

Alternatives:

git stash push

Saving current state including untracked files

git stash -u

Alternatives:

git stash push -u

git stash push --include-untracked

Jul 31, 2015

Revert: Undo a commit by creating a new commit

git revert <commit-ish>

Reset: Discard commits, advised for private branch

git reset <commit-ish>

Jul 30, 2015

Create new working tree from a repository (git 2.5)

git worktree add -b <branch-name> <path> <start-point>

Create new working tree from HEAD state

git worktree add --detach <path> HEAD

Jul 29, 2015

Reword the previous commit message

git commit -v --amend

See all commits made since forking from master

git log --no-merges --stat --reverse master..

Show all ignored files

git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard

Jul 28, 2015

List of all files changed in a commit

git diff-tree --no-commit-id --name-only -r <commit-ish>

Unstaged changes since last commit

git diff

Show both staged and unstaged changes

git diff HEAD

Show all tracked files

git ls-files -t

Show all untracked files

git ls-files --others

Jul 27, 2015

Git Aliases

git config --global alias.<handle> <command> 
git config --global alias.st status

Show list of all saved stashes

git stash list

Apply any stash without deleting from the stashed list

git stash apply <stash@{n}>

Apply last stashed state and delete it from stashed list

git stash pop

Alternatives:

git stash apply stash@{0} && git stash drop stash@{0}

Delete all stored stashes

git stash clear

Alternatives:

git stash drop <stash@{n}>

Jul 25, 2015

Pick commits across branches using cherry-pick

git checkout <branch-name> && git cherry-pick <commit-ish>

Find out branches containing commit-hash

git branch -a --contains <commit-ish>

Alternatives:

git branch --contains <commit-ish>

Jul 22, 2015

What changed since two weeks?

git log --no-merges --raw --since='2 weeks ago'

Alternatives:

git whatchanged --since='2 weeks ago'

Jul 17, 2015

Get list of all remote references

git remote

Alternatives:

git remote show

Get list of all local and remote branches

git branch -a

Get only remote branches

git branch -r

Get git bash completion

curl -L http://git.io/vfhol > ~/.git-completion.bash && echo '[ -f ~/.git-completion.bash ] && . ~/.git-completion.bash' >> ~/.bashrc

Jul 16, 2015

Stage parts of a changed file, instead of the entire file

git add -p

Jul 15, 2015

git-tips

Collection of git-tips, want to add your tips? Checkout contributing.md

English | 中文 (⭐15k) | Русский (⭐599) | 한국어 (⭐989) | Tiếng Việt (⭐22) | 日本語 (⭐226) | नेपाली (⭐0) | Polski (⭐5) | فارسی (⭐0)

Tools:

• git-tip - A handy CLI to make optimum use of these tips. (Here in Docker container (⭐11))

P.S: All these commands are tested on git version 2.7.4 (Apple Git-66).

Sync with remote, overwrite local changes

git fetch origin && git reset --hard origin/master && git clean -f -d

List of all files till a commit

git ls-tree --name-only -r <commit-ish>

Git reset first commit

git update-ref -d HEAD

List all the conflicted files

git diff --name-only --diff-filter=U

List all branches that are already merged into master

git branch --merged master

List all branches and their upstreams, as well as last commit on branch

git branch -vv

Track upstream branch

git branch -u origin/mybranch

Delete local branch

git branch -d <local_branchname>

Changing a remote's URL

git remote set-url origin <URL>

Prevent auto replacing LF with CRLF

git config --global core.autocrlf false